COMPUTER ENGLISH NOTE: PART - B
BASIC COMPUTER SCIENCE
51. What are the differences between computer VIRUS and Anti-Virus?
|
Sl.
No. |
VIRUS |
Anti-Virus |
|
1. |
VIRUS (Vital Information and
Resources under Siege) is a program which create problems in computer
operation |
Anti-virus is a software used as
prevent, detect and remove malware or VIRUS. |
|
2. |
Create problems in computer
operation |
Anti-virus protect to computer
from VIRUS |
|
3. |
Hampers the normal functioning of
computer |
It keeps computer safe |
|
4. |
VIRUS create by evil minded people |
Anti-virus protect that virus |
|
5. |
Example: Bad boy virus, Lazy virus, Twin virus, Hero virus,
shortcut virus etc. |
Example: Avast, Norton, Kaspersky, Avira, ESRT etc. |
52. Describe in short about optical fiber. (Jan-15, July-14)
It has three Parts:
(i) Cell
(ii) Cladding
(iii) Jacket
53. What is computer network? Write down the types of network. (Jan-14, 15, July-14,15)
Answer: Computer network
is a group of computers connection system which allows computer to exchanges
data.
Types of Network:
(i) LAN
(Local Area Network)
(ii) MAN
(Metro-politan Area Network)
(iii) WAN (Wide Area Network)
55. Write down the physical components of a computer network. (Jan-14)
- Computer
- HUB, Router, Switches
- Cable
- wireless connection
- Modem
- Network interface card
MAN: MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) is that which
networks cover a small region, an entire campus or whole city.
WAN: WAN (Wide Area Network) is that which networks cover a whole country and can span across the entire world, such as the internet.
57. Write down the difference between LAN & WAN. (Jan-13,14,15)
|
Sl.
No. |
LAN |
WAN |
|
1. |
Full name is Local Area Network |
Full name is Wide Area Network |
|
2. |
LAN is that which network networks
cover a small region, and entire campus of whole city |
WAN is that which networks cover a
whole country and can span across the entire world, such as the internet. |
|
3. |
Small are |
World wide |
|
4. |
Cheaper |
Costly |
|
5. |
Connect some computer |
Connect whole world. |
58. What is commuter topology? Write down the name of computer topology.
Answer: Topology is different type of arrangement
of connecting the computer with each other in network architecture.
Some name of network
topology:
i) Bus Topology
ii) Star Topology
iii) Tree Topology
iv) Ring Topology
v) Mesh Topology
vi) Line Topology
59. Write short notes on
internet. (July-14)
Physical component of
internet connection:
i) Computer
ii)
Internal/External/USB Modem
iii) Network Interface
Card
iv) Wired access point
60. What are the advantages/uses of Internet? (Jan-13, 14, July-15)
Answer:-1
Advantages of Internet:
1) Information on almost every subject
imaginable.
2) Powerful search engines
3) Ability to do research from your home versus
research libraries.
4) Information at various levels of study.
Everything from scholarly articles to ones directed at children.
5) Message boards where people can discuss ideas
on any topic. Ability to get wide range of opinions. People can find others
that have a similar interest in whatever they are interested in.
6) The internet provides the ability of emails.
Free mail service to anyone in the country.
7) Platform for products like SKYPE, which allow
for holding a video conference with anyone in the world who also has access.
8) Friendships and love connections have been
made over the internet by people involved in love/passion over similar
interests.
9) Things such as Yahoo Answers and other sites
where kids can have readily available help for homework.
10) News, of all kinds is available almost
instantaneously. Commentary, on that news, from every conceivable viewpoint is
also available.
Answer-2:
* Knowledge bank
* Search anything
* Give or take tutorial
* Video Conference
* First Communication
* Outsourcing
* Freelancing
* Live chatting
* Commerce
* Mail sends and received etc.
* Upload and Download any Video, Audio, Text, Image and ideas.
61. What are the Disadvantages/uses of Internet? (Jan-13, 14, July-15)
Disadvantages:
1) There is a lot of wrong information on the
internet. Anyone can post anything, and much of it is garbage.
2) There are predators that hang out on the
internet waiting to get unsuspecting people in dangerous situations.
3) Some people are getting addicted to the
internet and thus causing problems with their interactions of friends and loved
ones.
4) Pornography that can get in the hands of
young children too easily.
5) Easy to waste a lot of time on the internet.
You can start surfing, and then realize far more time has passed than you
realized. Internet and television together of added to the more sedentary
lifestyles of people which further exacerbates the obesity problem.
6) Internet has a lot of "cheater"
sites. People can buy essays and pass them off as their own far more easily
than they used to be able to do.
7) There are a lot of unscrupulous businesses
that have sprung up on the internet to take advantage of people.
8) Hackers can create viruses that can get into
your personal computer and ruin valuable data.
9) Hackers can use the internet for identity
theft.
10) It can be quite depressing to be on the internet and realize just how uneducated so many people have become in today's society.
62. Write the advantages
of internet in medical education? (July-14)
- It gives patients a choice.
- It saves time.
- It gives independence.
- It gives hope.
- It increases accuracy in diagnosis.
- It increases hospital efficiency
- It improves communication among caregivers.
- It brings patients closer to home.
- It provides training and continuing education for medical professionals.
The internet has many advantages for medical education. It can improve the quality, accessibility, efficiency, and innovation of health care services for both patients and providers. It can also provide diverse and flexible learning methods for medical students and teachers. The internet is a powerful tool that can transform medical education for the better.
2. Data Link
3. Network
4. Transport
5. Session
6. Presentation
7. Application.
67. What is e-mail? Write down the some advantages of e-mail. (Jan-14, 15)
E-mail is a message that
may certain text files, image or other attachments sent through a network to a
specific individual or group of individuals. The first e-mail sent by Ray
Tomlinson in 1971.
1. It is faster than traditional mail
2. Instant communication
3. Message document can be stored in computer
4. Language used in email is very simple
5. Easy to use.
Answer:
- Gmail
- Outlook Mail
- Yahoo Mail
- GMX Mail
- Aol Mail
- ZOHO Mail
- LYCOS Mail
- Inbox.com Mail
- Hushmail
Answer: Sending process:
4. Add a subject.
5. Write your message.
6. At the bottom of the page, click Send.
70. Write down the steps of sending an e-mail with attached a file. (July-14)
1. Access your e-mail account, and then launch a new message window by clicking the new button. Now enter the address and compose your message.
2. Click the Attach
Files button. A new screen will appear like the one below.
3. Click the Browse... button
to search your hard drive or removable disks to locate the file you want to
attach. Click to highlight the file, and then click the Open button.
4. The file name
will appear in the File 1 box. You can now add more files using the same
procedure. When you are finished, click the Attach Files button.
5. A paper clip
icon with the file name appears indicating that the file has been attached.
Click the Send button and off it goes!
71. What is search engine? Give some Example. (Jan-15)
73. Define Internet. What
are Physical Components of for Internet connection? (Jan-15)
· Bridges l Routers
· Gateways l CSU/DSU
· Wireless access points (WAPs) l Modems
· Network interface cards (NICs), ISDN adapters, and system area network cards.
Answer: PROM : Programmable Read Only Memory.
USB : Universal Serial Bus.
RAM : Random Access Memory.
ROM : Read Only Memory.
Answer: LAN : Local Area Network.
MAN : Metropolitan Area Network.
WAN : Wide Area Network.
77. Write down the abbreviation of LCD, LED, CRT, TCP, MODEM and UPS. (July-13)
Answer: LCD : Liquid Crystal Display
LED : Light-Emitting Diode
CRT : Cathode Ray Tube
TCP : Transmission Control Protocol
MODEM : Modulator Demodulator
UPS : Uninterruptible Power Supply
Answer: ALU : Arithmetical Logic Unit
CU : Control Unit
CPU : Central Processing Unit (part of a computer system)
USB : Universal Serial Bus
CD : Compact Disc
Answer: Demerit/Disadvantages of ICT:
· Job loss – replacing humans;
· World destruction weapons – increasing endless wars;
· Increased loneliness – social isolation;
· Competency – increased dependency on modern tools that reduces our creativity and intelligence.
Or. Disadvantages of I.C.T
* I.C.T technology has provided access to damaging information through
various websites that host destructive and immoral content.
* Unemployment: While information technology may have
streamlined the business process it has also created job redundancies, downsizing
and outsourcing. This means that a lot of lower and middle level jobs have been
done away with causing more people to become unemployed.
* Privacy: Though information technology may have made communication quicker,
easier and more convenient, it has also bought along privacy issues. From cell
phone signal interceptions to email hacking, people are now worried about their
once private information becoming public knowledge.
* Lack of job security: Industry experts believe that the internet has
made job security a big issue as since technology keeps on changing with each
day. This means that one has to be in a constant learning mode, if he or she
wishes for their job to be secure.
* Dominant culture: While information technology may have made the
world a global village, it has also contributed to one culture dominating
another weaker one. For example it is now argued that US influences how most
young teenagers all over the world now act, dress and behave. Languages too
have become overshadowed, with English becoming the primary mode of
communication for business and everything else.
Computer: “The Computer is an Electronic Device which accepts the input data processing according to their Instruction and it gives output result”.
Classification of computers:-
Computers may be classified based on the following: -
i. Operating principles (based on their construction and working)
ii. Applications
iii. Size and capability (or classification into micro, mini, mainframe and supercomputers)
iv. Number of Microprocessors
v. Word length and
vi. Number of users
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON OPERATING PRINCIPLES
i) Classification based on Operating Principles
Based on the operating
principles, computers can be classified into one of the following types:
A. Digital
Computers
B.
Analog Computers
C. Hybrid
Computers
A. Digital Computers: - Operate essentially by counting. All quantities are expressed as discrete or numbers. Digital computers are useful for evaluating arithmetic expressions and manipulations of data (such as preparation of bills, ledgers, solution of simultaneous equations etc.)
B. Analog Computers:- An analog computer is a form of computer that uses the continuously changeable aspects of physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, orhydraulic quantities to model the problem being solved. In contrast, digital computers represent varying quantities symbolically, as their numerical values change.
C. Hybrid Computers: are computers that exhibit features of analog computers and digital computers. The digital component normally serves as the controller and provides logical operations, while the analog component normally serves as a solver of differential equations.
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON AREA OF APPLICATION
Classification based on
area of applications
Modern computers
depending upon their applications are classified as: -
a. Special
Purpose Computers
b. General
Purpose Computers
a.) Special Purpose Computers: - A special purpose computer is designed only to meet the requirements of a particular task or application. The instructions needed to perform a particular task are permanently stored into the internal memory, so that it can perform the given task on a single command. It therefore doesn’t posses unnecessary options and is less expensive.
b) General Purpose Computers: - A General Purpose computers are designed to meet the needs of many different applications. In these computers, the instructions needed to perform a particular task are wired permanently into the internal memory. When one job is over, instructions for another job can be loaded into the internal memory for processing. This, a general purpose machine can be used to prepare pay-bills, manage inventories, print sales report and so on.
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SIZE AND CAPABILITY
Classification digital
Computer based on size and Capability
Based on size and
capability, computers are broadly classified into
a. Microcomputers(Personal
Computer)
A microcomputer is
the smallest general purpose processing system. The older pc started 8 bit
processor with speed of 3.7MB and current pc 64 bit processor with speed
of 4.66 GB.
Examples: - IBM
PCs, APPLE computers
Microcomputer can be classified into 2 types:
1. Desktops 2. Portables
The difference is
portables can be used while travelling whereas desktops computers cannot be
carried around.
The different portable
computers are: -
1) Laptop
2) Notebooks
3) Palmtop (hand held) 4) Wearable computers
Laptop: - this computer is similar to a desktop computers but the size is smaller. They are expensive than desktop. The weight of laptop is around 3 to 5 kg.
Notebook: - These computers are as powerful as desktop but size of these computers are comparatively smaller than laptop and desktop. They weigh 2 to 3 kg. They are more costly than laptop.
Palmtop (Hand held): - They are also called as personal Digital Assistant (PDA). These computers are small in size. They can be held in hands. It is capable of doing word processing, spreadsheets and hand writing recognition, game playing, faxing and paging. These computers are not as powerful as desktop computers. Ex: - 3com palmV.
Wearable computer: - The size of this computer is very small so that it can be worn on the body. It has smaller processing power. It is used in the field of medicine. For example pace maker to correct the heart beats. Insulin meter to find the levels of insulin in the blood.
a). Workstations:- It is used in large, high-resolution graphics screen built in network support, Engineering applications(CAD/CAM), software development desktop publishing
Ex: Unix and windows NT.
b) Minicomputer: - A minicomputer is a medium-sized computer. That is more powerful than a microcomputer. These computers are usually designed to serve multiple users simultaneously (Parallel Processing). They are more expensive than microcomputers.
Examples: Digital Alpha, Sun Ultra.
c). Mainframe computers: - Computers with large storage capacities and very high speed of processing (compared to mini- or microcomputers) are known as mainframe computers. They support a large number of terminals for simultaneous use by a number of users like ATM transactions. They are also used as central host computers in distributed data processing system. Examples: - IBM 370, S/390.
d). Supercomputer: Supercomputers have extremely large storage
capacity and computing speeds which are many times faster than other computers.
A supercomputer is measured in terms of tens of millions Instructions per
second (mips), an operation is made up of numerous instructions. The
supercomputer is mainly used for large scale numerical problems in scientific
and engineering disciplines such as Weather analysis. Examples: - IBM
Deep Blue
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON NUMBER OF MICROPROCESSORS
Classification based on
number of microprocessors
Based on the number of
microprocessors, computers can be classified into
a. Sequential
computers and
b. Parallel
computers
a) Sequential computers: Any task complete in sequential computers is
with one microcomputer only. Most of the computers (today) we see are
sequential computers where in any task is completed sequentially instruction
after instruction from the beginning to the end.
b) Parallel computers: The parallel computer is relatively fast. New types of computers that use a large number of processors. The processors perform different tasks independently and simultaneously thus improving the speed of execution of complex programs dramatically. Parallel computers match the speed of supercomputers at a fraction of the cost.
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON WORD LENGTH AND NUMBER OF USERS
Classification based on
word-length
A binary digit is called “BIT”. A word is a group of bits which is fixed for a computer. The number of bits in a word (or word length) determines the representation of all characters in these many bits. Word length leis in the range from 16-bit to 64-bitsf or most computers of today.
Classification based on number of users
Based on number of
users, computers are classified into: -
a. Single User: - Only one user can use the resource at any time.
b. Multi User: A single computer shared by a number of users at any time.
c. Network: - A number of interconnected autonomous computers shared by a number of users at any time.
84. Define RAM and ROM. (Jan-2017) Pharmacy
85. What are the input and output devices of a computer? Explain with example.
Input Devices:
a) Graphics
Tablets
b) Cameras
c) Video Capture Hardware
d) Trackballs
e) Barcode reader
f) Digital camera
g) Gamepad
h) Joystick
i) Keyboard
j) Microphone
k) MIDI keyboard
l) Mouse (pointing device)
m)
Scanner
n) Webcam
o) Touchpads
p) Pen
Input
q) Microphone
r) Electronic Whiteboard
s)
OMR
t) OCR
u) Punch card
reader
Output Devices:
1. Monitor (LED, LCD, CRT etc) 2. Printers (all types)
3. Plotters 4. Projector
5. LCD Projection Panels 6. Computer Output Microfilm (COM)
7. Speaker(s) 8. Head Phone
9. Visual Display Unit 10. Film Recorder
11. Microfiche
86. Define memory. Describe the function of memory? (Jan-2017) Pharmacy
Function of Memory: The basic function of computer memory is essentially to store data. Depending on the type of data it stores and the role it plays in computer operation, however, memory performs several different functions. Although all of these functions involve data storage, RAM, ROM, flash memory and hard drives each perform a different and necessary function to keep a computer and its peripherals working.
87. Differentiate between hardware and software. (Jan-2017) Pharmacy
- Physical parts of the
computer are called hardware.
- You can touch, see and
feel hardware.
- Hardware is constructed
using physical materials or components.
- Computer is hardware,
which operates under the control of a software.
- If hardware is damaged,
it is replaced with new one.
- Hardware is not affected
by computer viruses.
- Hardware cannot be
transferred from one place to another electronically through network.
- User cannot make new duplicate copies of the hardware.
· A set of instructions given to the computer is called software.
· You cannot touch and feel software.
· Software is developed by writing instructions in programming language.
· The operations of computer are controlled through software.
· If software is damaged or corrupted, its backup copy can be reinstalled.
· Software is affected by computer viruses.
· Software can be transferred from one lace to another electronically through network.
· User can make many new duplicate copies of the software.
88. Write short note on (i) Pen drive (ii) Wi-Fi. (Jan-2017) Pharmacy
Answer: Pen Drive/Flash Drive: A pen drive, or a USB flash drive, is a portable data-storage device. Pen drives have replaced the floppy drives of old and have become the most popular data-storage devices among consumers. Micro, lightweight and handy, a pen drive can be easily carried from place to place by students, professionals, academicians and independent tech consultants. Currently available pen drives with storage capacities ranging from 8GB and 32GB can be used to store graphics-heavy documents, photos, music files and video clips.
Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi is the name of a popular wireless networking
technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless
high-speed Internet and network connections. A common
misconception is that the term Wi-Fi is short for "wireless fidelity,"
however this is not the case. Wi-Fi is simply a trademarked phrase that
means IEEE 802.11x.
89. Write the uses of computer in medical sectors. (Jan-2017) Pharmacy
Answer: Computers have many uses in the medical
sectors, such as:
Types of Servers: The multiple types of servers are as follows:
2. Catalog server
3. Communications server
4. Computing server
5. Database server
6. Fax server
7. File server
8. Game server
9. Mail server
10. Media server
11. Print server
12. Sound server
13. Proxy server
14. Virtual server
15. Web server
94. What is Shareware?
95. What is UPS?
95. What is Video teleconferencing?
96. What is Modem?
97. What is Hacker/ What do you mean by Hacker?
99. Write down the Characteristics of Primary Memory/Main Memory.
· These are semiconductor
memories.
· It is known as the main
memory.
· Usually volatile memory.
· Data is lost in case
power is switched off.
· It is the working memory
of the computer.
· Faster than secondary
memories.
· A computer cannot run without the primary memory.
Answer: Characteristics of Secondary Memory
· These are magnetic and optical memories.
· It is known as the backup
memory.
· It is a non-volatile
memory.
· Data is permanently stored even
if power is switched off.
· It is used for storage of data
in a computer.
· Computer may run without
the secondary memory.
· Slower than primary memories.
PART "B" End
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